Home | Issues | Profile | History | Submission | Review
Vol: 53(67) No: 2 / June 2008        

Signal Processing Issues in Networked Control Systems
Radu-Emil Precup
Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Faculty of Automation and Computers, Bd. V. Parvan 2, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania, phone: +40-256-4023-29, e-mail: radu.precup@aut.upt.ro, web: http://www.aut.upt.ro/~rprecup
Stefan Preitl
Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Faculty of Automation and Computers, Bd. V. Parvan 2, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania, e-mail: stefan.preitl@aut.upt.ro, web: http://www.aut.utp.ro/~spreitl
Igor Škrjanc
Laboratory of Modelling, Simulation and Control, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, phone: +386 (0)1 4768-311, e-mail: igor.skrjanc@fe.uni-lj.si, web: http://msc.fe.uni-lj.si/Staff.asp?person=7
Ion-Bogdan Ursache
Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Faculty of Automation and Computers, Bd. V. Parvan 2, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania, e-mail: bogdan.ursache@aut.upt.ro
Petru Alexandru Clep
Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Faculty of Automation and Computers, Bd. V. Parvan 2, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania, e-mail: alexandru.clep@aut.upt.ro
Claudia-Adina Dragos
Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Faculty of Automation and Computers, Bd. V. Parvan 2, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania, e-mail: claudia_dragos_83@yahoo.com


Keywords: networked control systems, real-time experiments, Hilbert-Huang transform

Abstract
The paper deals with the treatment of some issues specific to the signal processing in the framework of networked control systems (NCSs). The time delay is important and therefore the numerical problems related to the transcendental form of the characteristic equation are tackled. The paper analyzes also the performance of the NCSs reviewing the previous research regarding the influence of the sampling rate, network delay and dropped packets on the control system performance. In this context the Hilbert-Huang transform is applied to smooth the signals and the rapidly variable time delay in the communication between the operator and remote sites. On example of controllers developed for NCSs is represented by the sliding mode controllers. They are implemented for a benchmark laboratory equipment which is employed to model a first-order plus time delay plant corresponding to simple plants in NCSs. Some theoretical approaches are validated by including real-time experimental results for the considered equipment.

References
[1] Y. Tipsuwan and M.-Y. Chow, “Control methodologies in networked control systems,” Contr. Eng. Pract., vol. 11, pp. 1099-1111, Oct. 2003.
[2] T.B. Sheridan and W.R. Ferrell, “Remote manipulative control with transmission delay,” IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, vol. 4, pp. 25-29, Sept. 1963.
[3] W.S. Kim, B. Hannaford, and A.K. Bejczy, “Force-reflection and shared compliant control in operating telemanipulators with time-delay,” Trans. Robotics Autom., vol. 8, pp. 176-185, April 1992.
[4] S. Lee and H.S. Lee, “Modeling, design, and evaluation of advanced teleoperator control systems with short time delay,” Trans. Robotics Autom., vol. 9, pp. 607-623, Oct. 1993.
[5] R.C. Luo, T.M. Chen, and C.-C. Yin, “Intelligent autonomous mobile robot control through the Internet,” in Proc. IEEE Intl. Symp. on Ind. Elec. ISIE 2000, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico, 2000, vol. 1, pp. PL6-P11.
[6] G. Kovács, R.-E. Precup, S. Preitl, and Z. Gyurkó, “Time delay compensation for networked control systems,” in Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. INTER-ACADEMIA, Budapest, Hungary, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 207-214.
[7] E. Jarlebring, The spectrum of delay-differential equations: numerical methods, stability and perturbation, PhD Thesis, Inst. Comp. Math, TU Braunschweig, 2008.
[8] N.E. Huang, Z. Shen, and S.R. Long, “The empirical ODE decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis,” Proc. Royal Soc. London A, vol. 454, pp. 903-995, 1998.
[9] N.E. Huang, Z. Shen, and S.R. Long, “A new view of nonlinear water waves: the Hilbert spectrum,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 31, pp. 417-457, 1999.
[10] N.E. Huang, M.C. Wu, S.R. Long, S.P. Shen, W. Qu, P. Gloersen, and K.L. Fan, “A confidence limit for the empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectral analysis,” Proc. Royal Soc. London A, vol. 459, pp. 2317-2345, 2003.
[11] Amira, Controlled air stream and temperature control plant LTR 701, Operating manual, Amira GmbH, Duisburg, Germany, 2002.
[12] E. Jarlebring and T. Damm, “The Lambert W function and the spectrum of some multidimensional time-delay systems,” Automatica, vol. 43, pp. 2124-2128, Dec. 2007.
[13] D. Breda, S. Maset, and R. Vermiglio, “Pseudospectral approximation of eigenvalues of derivative operators with non-local boundary conditions,” Appl. Numer. Math., vol. 56, pp. 318-331, Mar. 2006.
[14] E. Bueler, “Error bounds for approximate eigenvalues of periodic-coefficient linear delay differential equations,” SIAM J. Num. Analysis, vol. 45, pp. 2510-2536, June 2007.
[15] S. Preitl, R.-E. Precup, J. Fodor, and M. Takács, “Hints in low cost solutions for networked control systems,” in Proc. 5th IEEE Intl. Conf. on Computational Cybernetics, Gammarth, Tunisia, 2007, pp. 275-280.
[16] R. Yan and R.X. Gao, “A tour of the Hilbert-Huang transform: an empirical tool for signal analysis,” IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, vol. 10, pp. 40-45, Oct. 2007.
[17] R.-E. Precup, S. Preitl, I. Skrjanc, I.-B. Ursache, P.A. Clep and C.-A. Dragos, “Networked control signal processing aspects and case study,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Technical Informatics CONTI 2008, Timisoara, Romania, 2008, vol. 3, pp. 81-86.
[18] G.C. Walsh and Y. Hong and L.G. Burnell, “Stability analysis of networked control systems,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 438-46, May 2002.
[19] J.K. Yook, M. Tilbury, and N.R. Soparkar, “Trading computation for bandwidth: reducing communication in distributed control systems using state estimators,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 503-518, Jul. 2002.
[20] W. Zhang and M.S. Branicky, and S.M. Philips, “Stability of networked control systems,” IEEE Control System Magazine, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 84-99, Feb. 2001.
[21] P. Seiler and R. Sengupta, “Analysis of communication losses in vehicle control problems,” in Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Arlington, VA , 2001, pp. 1491-1496.
[22] J. Nilsson, “Real-Time Control Systems with Delays”, Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, 1998.
[23] G.C. Walsh, H. Ye, and L. Bushnell, “Stability analysis of networked control systems,” in Proc. Amer. Control Conf., pp. 2876-2880, San Diego, CA, June 1999.
[24] Y. Halevi and A.Ray, “Integrated communication and control systems: Part I – Analysis,” J. Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 110, pp. 367-373, Dec. 1988.
[25] A. Levant and L. Alelishvili, “Integral high-order sliding modes,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1278-1282, Jul. 2007.
[26] K. Abidi and A. Sabanovic, “Sliding-mode control for high-precision motion of a piezostage,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 629-637, Feb. 2007.
[27] R.-E. Precup, S. Preitl, I.-B. Ursache, P.A. Clep, and F. Spanu, “Experiments in linear and sliding mode control of first and second-order lag plus dead time processes,” Scientific Bulletin of “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Romania, Transactions on Automatic Control and Computer Science, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 115-126, Sep. 2007.
[28] R.-E. Precup, S. Preitl, and P. Korondi, “Fuzzy controllers with maxi-mum sensitivity for servosystems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, pp. 1298-1310, June 2007.
[29] R.-E. Precup, S. Preitl, I.J. Rudas, M.L. Tomescu, and J.K. Tar, “Design and experiments for a class of fuzzy controlled servo systems,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, vol. 13, pp. 22-35, Feb. 2008.
[30] L. Horváth and I.J. Rudas, “Possibilities for application of associative objects with built-in intelligence in engineering modeling,” Journal of Adv. Comp. Intel. and Intel. Informatics, vol. 8, pp. 544-552, Sep. 2004.
[31] P.T. Szemes, H. Hashimoto, and P. Korondi, “Pedestrian-behavior-based mobile agent control in Intelligent Space,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 54, pp. 2250-2257, Dec. 2005.
[32] P. Baranyi, Z. Petres, P.L. Varkonyi, P. Korondi, and Y. Yam, “Determination of different polytopic models of the prototypical aeroelastic wing section by TP model transformation,” Journal of Adv. Comp. Intel. and Intel. Informatics, vol. 10, pp. 486-493, July 2006.
[33] P.L. Tang and C.W. de Silva, “Compensation for transmission delays in an Ethernet-based control network using variable-horizon predictive control,” IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol., vol. 14, pp. 707-718, July 2006.
[34] Z.C. Johanyák and S. Kovács, “Fuzzy modeling of Petrophysical Properties Prediction Applying RBE-DSS and LESFRI,” in Proc. Intl. Symp. LINDI 2007, Wildau, Germany, 2007, pp. 87-92.